Month 1: Fundamentals of Line Following
Motor Driver & Chassis Assembly
- L298N/L293D motor driver wiring
- Chassis mounting and motor connection
- Basic code for forward, left, right, stop control
IR Sensor Interfacing and Calibration
- How IR sensors detect black/white surfaces
- Calibrating threshold values for reliable detection
- Displaying sensor output on Serial Monitor and LEDs
Motor Driver & Chassis Assembly
- L298N/L293D motor driver wiring
- Chassis mounting and motor connection
- Basic code for forward, left, right, stop control
Basic Line Following Logic
- Logic: if-else statements for left/right/forward
- Single-point IR sensor line following
- Two-sensor line-following implementation
Month 2: Speed Control & Track Adaptation
PWM Speed Control
- Understanding PWM and analogWrite()
- Speed adjustments based on track conditions
- Smooth turning by speed difference (left-right motor PWM)
Multi-Sensor Line Following (3-5 Sensor Array)
- Configuring 3, 4, or 5 IR sensors
- Mapping sensor values to line positions
- Logic table for multi-sensor control
Handling Curves and Junctions
- Coding for smooth curves (inner/outer wheel speed management)
- Detecting sharp turns and U-turns
- Track branching detection (T, Y junction)
PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative) Line Following (Theory + Demo)
- Introduction to PID control
- Concept of error, P, I, D values
- Example demo of PID line follower without coding deep dive
Month 3: Advanced Control & Project Development
Implementing PID Control in Arduino
- Write custom PID algorithm
- Tune KP, KI, KD values for optimal track following
- Test and analyze robot behavior
Speed Ramp-Up and Obstacle Avoidance
- Adjust motor speed on straight lines and curves
- Add ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection
- Emergency stop and rerouting logic
Competition Track Challenge
- Simulate a real competition track
- Time-based runs and performance evaluation
- Fault detection and correction strategies
Capstone Line Follower Robot Project
- Final robot assembly and optimization
- Full track run with PID, speed tuning, obstacle handling
- Presentation and competition